/25 mm Safe practices and proper installation are imperative to the performance of the Swagelok tube fitting, especially in critical applications. Bumax 88 Stainless Steel 316L stainless steel with a high molybdenum content offering corrosion resistance similar to 316 stainless steel. 1. Here we need to discuss: Non-Lubricated Bolts (a. C (68. Mark a fold line exactly in the center. Thermal Resistivity and Conductivity The ability of a material to resist flow of heat. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. 4301/1. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. 125. 84. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. The properties of 304 stainless steel including chemical properties, physical characteristics, thermal properties and mechanical properties, etc. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple scenario. WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive. Determining the proper torque for a fastener is the biggest problem in fastener installation. . 65% max), silicon (0. 8 4. factor that measures the severity of an existing crack in a material in terms of its size, the applied stress and the overall geometry. 33 K factor 0. What is Carbon Steel? Consisting mainly of iron and up to 2. From our testing, the K-factor without lubrication is all over the board. d = Pitch Diameter (m) K Df = Nut Friction Diameter (m) μ = oefficient of Friction Fastener Material Coefficient of Friction (μ) K-Factor 304 Stainless Steel 0. Choose Installation Type. F1FR-SS Series Stainless Steel Sprinklers. At this level, chromium reacts5. 00 Conversion Gas GWP GWP N2O kg 0%298. A slenderness ratio greater than. 8 538 16 21 1387 35 41 55 1985 51 59 78 2319 59 68 91 6 1 763 27 36 1968 60 70 93 2816 86 100 133 3291 101 117 155layer containing air gaps (m2K/W) R ub Is the total thermal resistance of the construction ignoring thermal bridges (m2K/W) ∆U’’ Is the air gap correction factor as defined in BS EN ISO 6946 (Annex D). 2 P a = 6732 P a = 0. Stainless steel is the term used to describe a versatile family of engineering materials, which are selected primarily for their corrosion and heat resistant properties. 45 The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us,. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400). Horizontal Sidewall. Thread: 15mm (1/2") NPT, (BSPT optional) K-factor: 115 (8. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. Bulletin 184. This factor is particularly important in joints that will oper-ate at elevated temperatures in a cyclic tempera-ture mode. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. This is also called the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, resistance coefficient, or simply friction factor. Davis. K Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. 4408, DIN X5CrNiMo17122, TGL 39672 X5CrNiMo1911, TGL 7143X5CrNiMo1811, ISO 2604-1 F62, ISO 2604-2 TS60, ISO 2604-2 TS61, ISO 2604-4. Click here for a Gauge to mm Conversion Chart . 04 0. M 12, with starting torque Ma = 62Nm and heat treatment at 540°C 1,004°F), 21hr, bolt material: no. Some of the many variables causing problems are. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). For example, the percentage can be anything from 20% to 22% for 304 stainless steel but is often between 13% and 15% for H-series soft aluminium. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. It contains a much higher amount of chromium than carbon steel. By definition, “stainless” steel must contain at least 10. 01 (m) and Reynolds number Re = 10 7 - the relative rougness can be calculated as. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). The Y-factor is set at 0. This K-factor is applied as an average value for most bend allowance calculations. 6 and 8. Type QL transformers meet DOE 2016 efficiency standards. Sheet metal thickness is denoted by gauge, sometimes spelled gage, which indicates a standard thickness before processing. 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. The common techniques for calculating "accurate" flat patterns involve using bend deduction tables or the K-factor. 64 x 19. PENDENT APPROVALS/LISTINGS SIN V2801 V4201 V2708 V3406 Nominal K Factor Imperial 2. Alloy 409 is a general purpose, chromium, titanium stabilized, ferritic stainless steel whose primary application is automotive exhaust systems. 1mm using an amada pressbrake. PRELIMINARY Document Number: 002-19207 Rev. In determining horsepower consumption, “K” factors must be used. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L. This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400). 45T; Expanded size of pressed steps: L = A + B – 0. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. 16. Hot rolled steel: 0. At the first iteration, we need to assume a flow depth d (e. 50 in practical use. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius, and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. I read on some site that the range is between 0. I founded this site back in 2011 intending to provide solutions to various engineering and programming problems. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. 33 K factor 0. 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Bend allowance with a K-Factor is calculated as follows: BA=pi (R + KT) A/180. H = Differential Head (m). There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. Related Documents Bimetallic Strips Heat and bending of bimetallic strips. 3. It has units of m 2 /s. It can be used in certain chemical applications due to its resistance to nitric acid. (5. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices. The FTB4800 provides a wide range flow metering in a stainless steel package. 35. DIN 911 / ISO 2936. 73-Rubber (60 A Belt) Tool Steel . The calculations referenced in Paragraph 304. More info. Prefix- (S)Steel - (CLS)Stainless Steel. K-ZSTZ – – 155°F/68°C 175°F/79°C 286°F/141°C 155°F/68°C 286°F/141°C 2 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in Bar, multiply S. The elongation is smaller by a factor of 10. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. The TYCO Series TY-B, 5. It is a function of the materials' frictional characteristics, which are based on surface finish, coatings and so on. However, steel-containing structures decay due to corrosion, destroying. 00 Energy Electricity Country Canada kWh 10%0. This is a decently conservative approach that will likely satisfy the majority of. For 18- and 20-ga. ) 3. K-Factor 1000 PPG (291 PPL) (2) K-Factor 100 PPG (26 PPL) (2) K-Factor 2500 PPG (660 PPL) (2) K-Factor 215PPG (57 PPL) (2) 2M Cable, 8 Blade CD4MCU Stainless Steel Rotor (2). Metal. units by 10. Finish. Both fasteners are stainless steel. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. Capacities in thousands of Btu per hour of undiluted liquefied petroleum gases based on a pressure drop of 0. Stainless steel roof: • S30400 stainless steel • Measuring: 280 × 96m • Sheathed with 23,000m2 of 0. It resists galling and corrosion and reduces wear in heavy pressure applications. k factors are proven within 0. 5. 5% chromium, the oxide film is of insufficient durability. K = K-Factor, which is t / T. Riveted steel (new) 0. 16. To help you begin I’ve included a K-Factor Chart below which contains common K-Factor starting points, good for general fabrication, for steel, aluminum and stainless steel. 0 K-factor (K115) varieties and three temperature ratings, including 280 F (137. K-Factors for Aluminum, Cold Rolled Steel and Stainless ALUMINUM Thickness Radius 0. 88. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. Nominal K-Factor: 8. View Product. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. Our bend radius rule of thumb is the minimum radius = material thickness. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. This factor determines which of two high-temperature strength properties should be given priority; creep or creep-rupture (sometimes called stress-. 5 m) to estimate the relative roughness k s /D H, the mean velocity (by continuity) and the Reynolds number. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. Zheng, C. . ANTI-SEIZE Stainless does not contain copper and exhibits extremely low sulphur and chlorine. F1FR40 Standard Spray Sprinkler. The coefficient k is measured in watts per meter Kelvin (or degree) (W/mK). AISI SAE 4130 alloy steel can be made into steel plate, steel sheet, round and flat steel bar, steel pipe and tube, etc. 01 m) = 0. Approvals. 6 (80), 8. 4. 10/19 schedule 40 steel pipes. Using the table of fittings and K. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. 16. r = relative roughness. Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains less than 2% carbon (C) and more than 2% iron. 33 K factor 0. The constant volume law. 5 to 16. 10-16 K-Factor Low Noise. ) by Elias A. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. Overview. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. Steel Hex Locknut Steel Hex Flange Nut Grade C FNL Grade 9 Grade F Grade G Clamp Load (lbs. Temperaturepressure regulators—k series 1 pipe, weld, vcr, vco fittings standard tubing modular systemd hose / flexible tubing bellows, diaphragm valves ball plug valves check relief valves needle metering valves k sries rgulars instrument systems manifold measurement devices references medium- high- pressure tube fittings pressure regulators k seriesThis will have an effective length factor K associated. 008-0. 5) K 11. 115 0. Sponsored Links. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. 0015-0. MIL-PRF-907F; Service. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. UN8 Thread Series Caution: Stainless steel fasteners tend to gall, especially with long run downs, prevailing torque fasteners, impactThis tool allows you to determine tonnage, internal radius, V-die opening and minimum flange. The linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is dependent on the material from which an object is made. Use K-Factor Calculator to calculate k factor values. 1. 146, 235. 1. 3, we will take the min value 0. 17 8. Subcategory: Ferrous Metal; Metal; Stainless Steel; T 300 Series Stainless Steel Key Words: UNS S31600, SS316, 316SS, AISI 316, DIN 1. A key factor here is the relatively low Hall–Petch slope of this. Therefore it is important to have the value correct in CAD software. 0. MRR = . You could be the first review for Silver Fern. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are possible. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. 446 in. Next we use the pull-down menu to select the appropriate table. This treatment increases the surface hardness by a factor of four to five, improving resistance to wear, corrosion, and fatigue, with significant retained ductility. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 90. 0) is cold-rolled steel; 304 stainless steel has a factor of 3. Overall heat transfer coefficient is expressed as W/m2 °C or kcal/h, m2 °C. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. 8 kg. 1. The K-factor is defined as the distribution of the component between the hydrate and the gas ( Carroll, 2014 ): (8. 3T; Minimum size of Z-shaped bend: Z = W/2 + 2T + 1; The deduction coefficients for cold-rolled steel plate, aluminum-zinc coated plate, stainless steel plate, electrolytic plate, and aluminum plate are the same; Relative roughness - the ratio between absolute roughness an pipe or duct diameter - is important when calculating pressure loss in ducts or pipes with the Colebrook Equation . 1 - Stainless Steel Approved Escutcheons X - Standard surface-mounted escutcheons Footnotes 1. However, bottom. F1 and F1FR Series Conventional Sprinklers. Deflector. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. 0. Max PSI. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. The coefficient. 81 m/s 2: Calculation. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. kg 10%0. For molded ceramic fiber products and packed or tightly packed insulation, losses will be lower than values shown. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. The CTE employs reciprocal temperature units (K-1, °F-1, °C-1, etc. VK338, VK339 - Microfast QR Stainless Steel Sprinklers (K5. breaking torque; A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A1-70R-value. Examples of steel grades that fall into this category include 17Cr-7Ni-A1, 15Cr- 9Ni -A1, 17Cr-5Ni-Mo, and 15Cr-8Ni-Mo-A1. 432, R=plate thickness, unfold size can accurate to 0. UHMW. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. From the part’s edge, dimples. In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. R = inside bend radius. Let's calculate the K-factor for a metal sheet having a thickness of 1 \text { mm} 1 mm and bent to an angle of 90^\circ 90∘. 15 K = 0. For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. Δ p minor_loss = ξ ρ f v 2 / 2 (1) . 48. In the process of making stainless steel, alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon. Stainless Steel 404. g. 10 0. where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. System details. 15%, and the minimum chromium content is only 1% less than 304. 50. 33Table 3. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are. Bend allowance chart for SECC (galvanized steel sheet). With the K-factor, the BA is equal to the following: BA = { [ (π ÷ 180) x Ir] + [ (π ÷ 180) x K-factor] x Mt} And the metal sheet has a thickness T = 5 mm T = 5\ \text{mm} T = 5 mm and K-factor K = 0. 1 mm and bend radius as 1 \text { mm} 1 mm. For SLM, both single melt (SM) and checker board (CB) laser scanning strategies were. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . See More Items from this Family (3)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 5% chromium and no more than 1. However, the washer is normally flat by. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. 33 K factor 0. Tensile specimens were machined from these AM bulk materials for three different inclinations: 0 ° , 45 ° , and 90 ° relative to the build plate. 5 Orientation PENDENT PENDENT. 0. The Y and K-Factors affect how the part stretches when transitioning from a flat pattern to a finished. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. 20. This is defined as the length of the neutral fibre from the beginning to the end of the arc generated by the bend. The following are Typical C factors used in the Hazen. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. 1. 5 in, wall thickness 0. Rake Angle: 9° -11°. View Article. r = k / d h = (0. , and Giarratano, P. Our favorite metal for durable and decorative parts. The proposed ASCE ASD Specification includes four types of austenitic stainless steels (Types 201, 301, 304, and 316) and three types of ferritic stainless steels (Types 409, 430, and 439). Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o. When using SN-Curves, there can be extenuating circumstances where the SN-Curve must be adjusted to reflect certain situations. tK = tC + 273. To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. 33 K factor 0. Pipe Entrance Inward Projecting 0. (matched to stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum), alloy materials, and solder configurations. Type 304 has good processability, weldability,. 5% and allowable stress 16000 psi - can with quality factor E for steel 0. 7 min read. To better understand the main contributing factor to the mechanical anisotropy of AM stainless steel 316L, bulk specimens were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). 4162 C3 (Medium) Coastal areas with low deposits of saltLinear thermal expansion coefficients of metals including aluminum, steel, bronze, iron, brass, copper, gold, silver, invar, magnesium, nickel, titanium and zinc are given in the following thermal expansion coefficients chart. Type 302 stainless steel is basically a higher carbon version of type 304, a variant of 18-8 stainless steel. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. Source: STEEL PRODUCTS MANUAL, STAINLESS AND HEAT RE-SISTING STEELS, DECEMBER 1974, American Iron andThe K values given below are for making estimates of friction loss in cases not covered in the previous tables. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. K-Factor - used for engineering programs, such as Pro-E. 93 g/cm3 (0. 8 (242 metric*) nominal K-Factor and special deflector, this sprinkler produces large, high-momentum water droplets in a hemispheric pattern below the deflector. The Total Materia database contains many thousands of stainless steel materials across a large range of countries and standards. Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. See moreHow do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k. 5 throughout the article, so lets focus on entering the other two values correctly. Stainless steel components extend the life of the sprinkler by resisting corrosion from cleaning agents used in commercial food production environments. 11 to 0. BD = (2 x OSSB) – BA. Multiple escutcheon options allow up to 1/2-inch (12,7-mm. 3 in. 2 ext { m}^2 A= 1. Davis. View Product. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. 5 mm measured from the inside bend. 67. The K-factor (usually between 0. , thermal power per unit area, q = ddot {Q}/dA. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. 15 . On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. 062). 45 – 0. 30 mm / 0. Specific Heat Capacity of Metals Table Chart . The inside radii are based off of a standard Air Bend Force Chart. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. 0 (115 metric) Max. 33 K factor 0. To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm. 0. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. The deduction is 1. What K Factor. Step 1: Choose Meter Type. 18: Cadmium-Plated: 0. Using the results of this study [9], a unified design equation was developed for the SCFs of SST X-joints. Page: F_102905. MATERIAL, BEND RADII AND MINIMUM BEND SIZE CHARTS. Its work hardening rate is extremely high, with each increase in the amount of cold work, the tensile strength and yield strength will increase significantly. 318, which is not a terrible starting place for sheet metal design. 5 Bar), the working pressure limit established by Victaulic for Vic-Press for Schedule 10S systems. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. Since the friction coefficient - λ - is on both sides of the equation, it must be solved by iteration. Our emphasis is on steel, iron alloys and materials related to steelmaking and the processing of steel, such as refractories and slags. Editor: J. where. The total friction loss for the 10 bends is. For exact calculations - always check manufacturing data. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque ofThe “K” factor variation ranging from 0. $ 29. So we bend a lot of mild steel. Tables for pipe roughness and kinematic viscosity are also included. Contains molybdenum which increases corrosion resistance to chlorides and phosphates. 21: 14 - Stainless steel Austenitic: 2150: 312: 0. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. 300 series stainless steel applications include: Food & beverage industry. In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. The pressure drop calculations.